Tuesday, April 07, 2015

EDUCATIONAL CERTIFICATES OF GOVT SERVANTS UNDER RTI

Date: 05-04-2015                                                                                           By email

To,
Chief Information Commissioner
Central Information Commission,
New Delhi.
Email: secy-cic@nic.in

Hon’ble Sir,

Subject: Decision  No.: CIC/BS/A/2014/000831/7283 dated 26-03-2015 -Review

As part of social audit and citizen participation in governance, I happened to peruse captioned decision.

01. Denial of educational certificates of a govt.  employee has been upheld vide above decision based on following reasons:

A. There is no larger public interest.

B. Judgement dated 03-10-2012 of Hon’ble Supreme Court in Special Leave Petition (Civil) No. 27734 of 2012-Girish Ramchandra Deshpande Versus Central Information Commr & Ors.

C. Judgement dated 13-12-2012 of Hon’ble Supreme Court in Civil Appeal no. 9052 of 2012 -Bihar Public Service Commission vs. Saiyed Hussain Abbas Rizvi & anrs

02. I request review of this decision by larger bench based on following averment:

A. There is no larger public interest:

I quote as under from judgement dated 04-03-2013 of Punjab & Haryana High Court in CWP No.4239 of 2013 (O&M) - Vijay Dheer v/s State Information Commission

“…….A part of information/documents sought by the complainant, relates to the mode of appointment/promotion of a person on a public post, therefore, Information / documents to that extent fall under the domain of larger public interest. The documents on the basis of which a person has sought an appointment in a public office becomes the documents of larger public interest." [emphasis added]

This judgement is delivered after two judgements quoted at B and C supra. Thus captioned decision of CIC is in defiance of interpretation of Hon’ble High Court in the matter of documents supplied to recruiting authority and element of larger public interest.

In case of certificates based on which govt job is given, right to privacy has to give way to larger public interest.

B. Judgement dated 03-10-2012 of Hon’ble Supreme Court:

This judgement has been as usual over-stretched. Hon’ble Court has decided that following information is personal information of employee:

Copies of all memos issued to the third respondent, show cause notices and orders of censure/punishment, income tax returns, property details, borrowings, investment etc and information relating to performance of duties by employee. Even this has to be disclosed if there is larger public interest.

Certificates or documents submitted to get employment in Govt is not mentioned in above judgement nor such certificates relate to performance of employee. In addition, in judgement mentioned at A, it is clear that disclosure of such certificates is in larger public interest.

C. Judgement dated 13-12-2012 of Hon’ble Supreme Court:

A paragraph is selectively quoted in CIC decision to justify denial. This judgement relates to names and other details of interviewers/examiners and no where educational certificates are discussed in it. It relates to section 8.1.g. Even if fiduciary relationship is considered to be valid, for the sake of argument, then also larger public interest will come into play against section 8.1.e. Fiduciary will prevail only till appointment and not thereafter, once candidate joins the job.

Education or other certificates which are basis of eligibility for recruitment cannot be covered by “certain matters” [as stated in paragraph quoted in captioned decision from judgement dated 13-12-2012] at any stretch of imagination.

Thus this is a case of over stretching, misinterpreting and quoting irrelevant judgement to uphold denial.

03. Judgements at B and C supra of Hon’ble Supreme Court cannot be liberally interpreted or overstretched, since these judgements lay down clarity on restrictions on rights of citizens. These judgements need to be interpreted strictly. I humbly quote Hon’ble Madras High Court [Madurai Bench] from judgement dated 06-07-2010 in Karanthai Tamil Sangam v. R. Sivaprakasam and another, W.P.(MD) No. 5729 of 2008 - (2011(1) ID 31)] as under:

            “23. The RTI Act has also provided a remedy for facilitating the exercise of the        right    to information and the reason for the remedy is also indicated in the      Preamble to   the Act. So going by the direction in Heydon’s case (1584) 3 C. Rep           7a followed by the Supreme Court in Bengal Immunity Co. Ltd v. State of            Bihar   (1955) 2 SCR 603       such an Act must  receive a purposive interpretation to             further the purpose of the   Act. So any interpretation which frustrates the   purpose of RTI Act must be eschewed. Following the said well known canon       of construction, this Court interprets the expression ‘public authority’ u/s.   2(h)     (d)(i) liberally, so that financed, directly or indirectly, by the Government,             come  within the purview    of the RTI Act. In coming to the conclusion, this Court             reminds itself of the Preamble to the RTI Act which necessitates a      construction which will hopefully        cleanse our democratic polity of the corrosive effect of             corruption and infuse transparency in its activities. “ [emphasis added]

04. Unfortunately since 2012, an attempt is being made by CPIOs, FAAs and Ld. ICs to hide all information about govt employees from recruitment till retirement/termination, thereby facilitating corruption, fraud through fake certificates to grab govt jobs at the cost of honest candidates, by misinterpreting, misquoting or over-stretching judgements of Courts. It denies public scrutiny of papers and process of recruitment in govt jobs which are funded by public money. Quality and quantity of scrutiny, if any, done by govt agencies are well known to public in India. Such decisions will embolden dishonest youths to indulge into fake certificates to snatch away govt jobs from honest candidates. Public cannot expect good and honest governance from govt servants who have joined by resorting to corrupt practice of submitting fake certificates. Thus larger public interest and societal good are butchered in captioned decision.

05. The captioned decision violates following judgement which is delivered after judgements of Hon’ble Supreme Court as stated at B and C supra:

 Judgement dated 23-04-2013 of HIGH COURT OF UTTARAKHAND in Writ Petition No.1814 of 2006 (M/S) -Uttaranchal Public Service Commission Vs. CIC.

It  also punctures following  CIC’s  own decisions in violation of  principle of precedence as mandated in judgement dated 01-06-2012 of Hon’ble HIGH COURT OF DELHI in  W.P.(C) 11271/2009 -REGISTRAR OF COMPANIES & ORS v/s DHARMENDRA KUMAR GARG & ANR:

CIC/SS/A/2012/001370 dated 29-04-2013

CIC/SS/A/2013/000829 dated 15-10- 2013

CIC/SM/A/2013/000218 dated 18-06-2013 of Chief Information Commissioner

CIC/SM/A/2013/000284 dated 13-06-2013 of Chief Information Commissioner

These decisions are made after date of judgments of Apex Court quoted at B and C.

06. No one will ever believe or infer that Hon’ble Courts intended to facilitate entry into govt jobs based on fake certificates. The problem is with interpretation and applicability of judgements by CPIO, FAA and Ld ICs. Degree certificates are given in open convocations and mark- sheets are put on websites of examining bodies. Thus they are not private information any more.

07. This information cannot be denied to Parliament or State Assembly.

08. There is every possibility that the appellant might be having some information from reliable sources about fraud in educational certificates of the concerned employee. Before proceeding further by lodging written complaint etc, he would have wanted to have documentary evidence. The decision has frustrated exposure of fraud through fake documents if any.

09. Following links will reveal how rampant is fake certificate business in India, in public and private sectors:









This is tip of the iceberg. This menace cannot be left alone to govt machinery. Public scrutiny should be encouraged through transparency and hence ICs should properly interpret judgements in the face of ground realities. Fear of being exposed will only contain cancer of fake certificates for getting govt jobs.

10. Disclosure would not have harmed govt employee concerned, if certificates were genuine. In case if certificates turn out to be fake, then law has to definitely take its own course in larger public interest and that of honest candidates.

11. My averment for disclosure is supported by section 4.1.c which necessitates publishing of all relevant facts while formulating important policies or announcing decisions which affect public. Results of recruitment are decisions which affect public, as quality of recruited govt servants affects general public.

12. Thus captioned decision suffers error on the face of it and needs review in larger public interest, good governance, quality of employees being recruited and letter and spirit of RTI as stated in preamble, more so when recruitment scams [involving even Governor     [ MP State], Chief Minister [Haryana] and their relatives are surfacing and more are waiting to be out. The order is illegal on face of it. Copy of above decision is enclosed for ready reference.

13. Similar order No.CIC/BS/A/2014/000332+000344+000345+000349/6804 dated         20-01-2015 [copy enclosed] was passed denying educational certificates of a govt employee. This also needs review by larger bench.

14. I have locus standi for review, since govt servants who are allowed to join on the basis of fake certificates or through corruption affect quality of governance, which in turn affects every citizen, including me.

15. Surprisingly, each and every currency note or instruments like cheques, demand drafts, guarantees and LCs in banks are subjected to double and cross scrutiny to confirm genuineness, while captioned decision excludes public scrutiny of certificates submitted for jobs which may cost crores of rupees to exchequer, over service period of employees.

Yours faithfully,
J. P. Shah
Encls: a/a
Copies to:
1. Hon’ble Shri Basant Seth, Information Commissioner, CIC, New Delhi
Email: b.seth@nic.in --Kindly cogitate for future decisions.

2. Chief Vigilance Commissioner, Central Vigilance Commission, New Delhi

----with a request to intervene in review, since such orders would  encourage corruption in getting govt jobs on the basis of fake certificates, which in turn will affect quality of governance.

3. Director RTI, DoPT, Govt of India. Email: dirrti-dopt@nic.in

– this has reference to zero tolerance policy of Central Govt against corruption and ensuring good governance to citizens.

4. Secretary, Department of Administrative Reforms & Public Grievances, Govt of India

– with a request to recommend to govt to proactively put all the details of newly recruited candidates on website of ministry/department concerned and retain on website  for six month

4 comments:

  1. United Kingdom Freedom of Information Act 2000 section 40. Personal information. 40.—(1) Any information to which a request for information relates is information. exempt information if it constitutes personal data of which the applicant is the data subject. (2) Any information to which a request for information relates is also exempt information if—(a) it constitutes personal data which do not fall within subsection (1), and (b) either the first or the second condition below is satisfied. (3) The first condition is— (a) in a case where the information falls within any of paragraphs (a) to (d) of the definition of “data” in section 1(1) of the Data 1998 c. 29. Protection Act 1998, that the disclosure of the information to a member of the public otherwise than under this Act would contravene— (i) any of the data protection principles, or (ii) section 10 of that Act (right to prevent processing likely to cause damage or distress), and (b) in any other case, that the disclosure of the information to a member of the public otherwise than under this Act would
    contravene any of the data protection principles if the exemptions in section 33A(1) of the Data Protection Act 1998 (which relate to manual data held by public authorities) were disregarded. “personal data” means data which relate to a living individual who can be identified—(a) from those data, or (b) from those data and other information which is in the possession of, or is likely to come into the possession of, the data controller, and includes any expression of opinion about the individual and any indication of the intentions of the data controller or any other person in respect of the individual; section 2. In this Act “sensitive personal data” means personal data consisting l of information as to— .
    (a) the racial or ethnic origin of the data subject,
    (b) his political opinions,
    (c) his religious beliefs or other beliefs of a similar nature,
    (d) whether he is a member of a trade union (within the meaning of the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992),
    (e) his physical or mental health or condition,
    (f) his sexual life,
    (g) the commission or alleged commission by him of any offence, or
    (h) any proceedings for any offence committed or alleged to have been committed by him, the disposal of such proceedings or the sentence of any court in such proceedings.

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  2. यदि सरकारी कर्मचारी के वह दस्तावेज जिनके आधार पर नियुक्ति हुई है वह कैसे निजी सूचना हो सकती है निम्न लिखित माननीय सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के निम्न निर्णयों का आशय यही है और यह बात भी की ईमानदारी किसी की ब्पोऔती नहीं होती है उच्च अधिकारी बेईमान/ईमानदार हो सकता है और एक मजदूर भी बेईमान/ईमानदार हो सकता है हो सकता है देश में उच्च पदस्थ कुछ अनेकों लोगो के पास नकली डिग्री हो :-

    District Collector & Chairman, Vizianagaram Social Welfare Residential School Society,
    Vizianagaram & Anr. Vs. M. Tripura Sundari Devi (1990) 3 SCC 655; 6. It must further be
    realised by all concerned that when an advertisement mentions a particular qualification and
    an appointment is made in disregard of the same, it is not a matter only between the
    appointing authority and the appointee concerned. The aggrieved are all those who had similar
    or even better qualifications than the appointee or appointees but who had applied for the
    post because they did not possess the qualifications mentioned in the advertisement. It
    amounts to a fraud on public to appoint persons with inferior qualifications in such
    circumstances unless it is clearly stated that the qualifications are relaxable. No court should
    be a party to the perpetuation of the fraudulent practice. We are afraid that the Tribunal lost
    sight of this fact. Union of India & Ors. Vs. M. Bhaskaran (1995) Suppl. 4 SCC 100; Vice
    Chairman, Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan & Anr. Vs. Girdharilal Yadav (2004) 6 SCC 325;
    State of Maharashtra v. Ravi Prakash Babulalsing Parmar (2007) 1 SCC 80; Himadri
    Chemicals Industries Ltd. Vs. Coal Tar Refining Company AIR 2007 SC 2798; and Mohammed
    Ibrahim & Ors. Vs. State of Bihar & Anr. (2009) 8 SCC 751).
    􀀀 25. Fraud is an intrinsic, collateral act, and fraud of an egregious nature would vitiate the
    most solemn proceedings of courts of justice. Fraud is an act of deliberate deception with a
    design to secure something, which is otherwise not due. The expression “fraud” involves two
    elements, deceit and injury to the person deceived. It is a cheating intended to get an

    ReplyDelete
  3. क्या किसी सरकारी कर्मचारी का डॉक्यूमेंट जिसके आधार पे नियुक्ति हुई है वो रति से मांग सकते है

    ReplyDelete
  4. Can I seen educational documents of a public servant?

    ReplyDelete